To solve the problem of insufficient node positioning accuracy in wireless sensor networks. an algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization by membrane computing (IPSO-MC) was proposed. Kent mapping was used to initialize the population and domain particles were introduced to improve the global optimization of the particle swarm. The weight factor and nonlinear extreme valu... https://qxsjwjsdu2yw.blog2freedom.com/34914109/conflict-resolution-between-multi-level-government-and-farmers-in-land-expropriation-based-on-institutional-credibility-theory-empirical-evidence-from-shandong-province-china