Abstract In this paper we propose a Hamiltonian approach to gapped topological phases on open surfaces. Our setting is an extension of the Levin-Wen model to a 2d graph on an open surface. whose boundary is part of the graph. We systematically construct a series of boundary Hamiltonians such that each of them. https://mainlandskateandsurfes.shop/product-category/mens-shorts/
Boundary Hamiltonian theory for gapped topological phases on an open surface
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