Background and Objectives: Symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) is a common complication after spinal intervention. particularly interbody fusion. Stand-alone posterior expandable cages enable interbody fusion with preservation of the previous operation site. and screw-related complications are avoided. https://www.koitabashixylographs.com/product-category/photobook/